All USA & Canada articles – Page 5
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Coral identified as oldest bioluminescent organism, suggesting new model of ancient ecology
Researchers have identified eight organisms with previously unknown luminosity. Using genetic findings, they estimated coral bioluminescence originated about 540 million years ago in the Cambrian period, making them the earliest bioluminescent organisms.
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Livestock abortion surveillance could protect livelihoods and detect emerging global pathogens
A study suggests timely reporting and investigating of livestock abortions is feasible in rural areas and can provide insights into emerging infectious diseases.
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‘Sunny day flooding’ increases fecal contamination of coastal waters
A new study finds that ‘sunny day flooding’, which occurs during high tides, increases the levels of fecal bacteria in coastal waters, suggesting policymakers and public health officials should be aware of potential risks associated with tidal flooding.
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Salmonella rates more prevalent in commercial poultry farm samples vs backyard farms
In a comparison of differently sized poultry farms, researchers at North Carolina State University found that rates of Salmonella in fecal and environmental samples were more prevalent on larger commercial farms than on smaller backyard farms.
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Engineers muffle invading pathogens with a ‘molecular mask’
Researchers are developing a hydrogel therapy that acts as a first line of defense against viruses and other biological threats. The peptides that make up this gel prevent viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 from attaching to and entering cells.
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Optimal timing maximises Paxlovid benefits for treating COVID-19
Study suggests using the anti-COVID-19 treatment Paxlovid three to five days after symptoms emerge in patients and expanding global access to the drug may help reduce the severity and transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
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Gut microbiota acts like an auxiliary liver
Microbes in the mammalian gut can significantly change their hosts’ amino acid and glucose metabolism, acting almost like an extra liver, according to a new preclinical study.
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Perinatal transmission of HIV can lead to cognitive deficits
Perinatal transmission of HIV to newborns is associated with serious cognitive deficits as children grow older, according to a detailed analysis of 35 studies.
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Undernourished household members at increased risk for developing TB after exposure
Researchers have found that undernourished household contacts are three times more likely to progress to TB disease.
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Scientists probe influence of soil microbes on spiciness of mustard
Scientists ran one of the first experiments to figure out if soil microorganisms like bacteria and fungi influence the flavor of a crop.
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Researchers use AI to improve Alzheimer’s treatment through the ‘gut-brain axis’
Researchers are using artificial intelligence to uncover the link between the gut microbiome and Alzheimer’s disease.
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Gut bacteria and inflammatory bowel disease: a new frontier in treatment
A new review highlights the therapeutic potential of various prebiotics derived from different food sources for manipulating gut bacteria.
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$1.8M NIH grant will help researchers follow a virus on its path to the nucleus
Researchers have been awarded a $1.8 million grant to learn how human papillomavirus makes its way to a cell’s nucleus.
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Rise seen in use of antibiotics for conditions they can’t treat – including COVID-19
A five-year trend study shows a rebound in inappropriate use after an early-pandemic dip, and a need to tackle overuse in all patients during viral illness outbreaks.
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Yeast study helps answer age-old biology question of specialists vs. generalists
Researchers have mapped the genetic blueprints, appetites, and environments of more than 1,000 species of yeasts, building a family tree that illuminates how these single-celled fungi evolved over the past 400 million years.
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New technology uncovers mechanism affecting generation of new COVID variants
Researchers have developed a new technology called tARC-seq that revealed a genetic mechanism affecting SARS-CoV-2 divergence and enabled the team to calculate SARS-CoV-2’s mutation rate.
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Gold may be key element for cleaner drinking water
Researchers are exploring the use of gold to develop a novel method to rid drinking water of harmful algal blooms, or HABs, which occur when colonies of algae grow out of control and produce toxic or harmful effects on living creatures.
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New research defines specific genomic changes associated with the transmissibility of the monkeypox virus
Scientists have located and identified alterations in the monkeypox virus genome that potentially correlate with changes in the virus’s transmissibility observed in the 2022 outbreak.
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Black women hospitalised in USA with blood infection resistant to last-resort antibiotic at increased risk of death
New research finds that the odds of death in black women with a bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by carbapenem-resistant enterobacterales (CRE) was twice that of black men or white women.
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Probiotic feed additive boosts growth and health in poultry in place of antibiotics
Researchers found that supplementing the diet of young chicks with a probiotic over 21 days significantly boosted the abundance of beneficial intestinal microorganisms.